How are ketones named in terms of suffix?

Ketones are named with the suffix "-one" because this reflects their functional group, which consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) located between two carbon atoms. In systematic nomenclature, the name of a ketone is derived from the longest carbon chain that contains the carbonyl group, and the "-one" suffix indicates the presence of this functional group.

For example, if a ketone has a six-carbon chain, it would be named hexanone. The position of the carbonyl group is indicated by a number in the name, specifying which carbon contains the carbonyl. Therefore, the naming system effectively tells you both the type of compound and the structure of the molecule.

The other suffixes represent different functional groups: "-al" is used for aldehydes, which have the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain; "-ol" is for alcohols, which contain hydroxyl (-OH) groups; and "-oic acid" is used for carboxylic acids, which have a -COOH group. Each suffix serves to identify distinct types of organic compounds based on their functional characteristics.