Which type of bond is defined as a single bond made between carbon and any other atom?

A sigma bond is the type of bond that is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons directly along the line between those two nuclei. This can occur between carbon and any other atom. It is characterized by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals, which leads to a bond that is symmetrical around the bond axis.

In the case of carbon, it can form sigma bonds with various elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and others. Single bonds in organic compounds—like the bond between a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom in methane—are all sigma bonds.

On the other hand, pi bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds involve additional bonding interactions that are not present in a single bond. A double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond, while a triple bond includes one sigma and two pi bonds. Hence, the definition of a single bond made between carbon and any other atom aligns perfectly with the characteristics of a sigma bond, making it the correct answer.